In these ten years after JR was inaugurated, there have been a great change in railway world as well as in public in general. In these circumstances, railway technology should be changed to coupe with the social demands toward next century. In the track technology field, track structures with reduced maintenance, track components of long life, track maintenance system of high efficiency, track with high performance and safety fit for high speed trains and that with environment-friendly properties are the essential problems. In addition to these, the progresses in basic knowledge and technologies proper to rail/wheel system, such as wheel/rail dynamics and contact mechanics, are required. In this paper, an overview on these problems will be given.