In the past 12 years after JR group companies were established, Japan has undergone dramatic changes in the social structure and experienced an upheaval of economic circumstances. The railway management can by no means be isolated from such new wave. Under the circumstances, what are required for research and development of track technology. This paper outlines the development of high-quality tracks for efficient and low-cost maintenance with consideration on the safety of train operation, riding comfort and preservation of environments, and explains the present state and future subjects for research and development of track technologies.