Though their principle had been known for long, inverters were introduced to electric railway vehicles since Pulse Width Modulation was invented and, high voltage Gate Turn Off thyristors were produced in Japan, New electric motor vehicles now use three-phase drive without exception. Inverters on board vehicles have made a remarkable progress in last decades owing to the development of new power semiconductor devices, cooling systems and control methodologies. Now we have a prospect of new concepts of traction control and electric brake system for electric motor vehicles, such as vector control and its applications, high performance anti-slip control, inverter control free from magnetic interference, electric brake usable down to standstill, highly reliable electric brake capable of high reliability, electric brake without inverter and so on.