When regenerative brake is efficiently utilized to minimize the application of mechanical brake, the regenerative electric power can be used for other purposes to the maximum extent. Adoption of an adequate adhesive brake pattern for conventional lines makes is possible to; (1) establish a rational design method for on-boarded electric equipment and obtain solutions for the stopping distance and time, as analytical solutions of simple differential equations, (2) ensure almost the same deceleration as that by the current maximum service brake, (3) maintain almost the same maximum power of the respective electric motors as that of the current motor power under the condition that of all axes are mounted with a motor, and the pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) method is used, and (4) implement automatic train operation.

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