Probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) has developed with the objective of risk management, especially in the sectors of nuclear power, aerospace and chemical process. In other sectors including railways, opportunities to introduce PSA are enhanced associated with the improvement of International Standards on safety management. This paper reports an outline and trend of PSA including practical examples in overseas railways, issues related to the introduction of human factors in PSA such as representation method in event trees, and expansion of risk management into risk communication with the view of social contributions.

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