In Japanese Railways, Hybrid construction made up of a combination of steel and concrete, such as concrete encased steel and concrete-filled tubular steel construction, has become a focus of attention as a structure capable of satisfying the various demands. In the first half of this paper, we will introduce recent examples of the application of hybrid construction to railway structures, followed in the latter half by an overview of the newly-formulated Design Standard for Railway Structures (Steel-Concrete Hybrid Structures).